1 Python基本数据类型

1.1 字符串str类型的处理

#str 转换成boolprint(bool("  "))#字符串是有索引的name='TracyMcGrady'name_1=name[0]print(name_1)name_2=name[-1]print(name_2)#切片name_1=name[0:5] #顾头不顾尾print(name_1)name_2=name[-7:]print(name_2)name_3=name[:5:2]print(name_3)#倒着取name_4=name[-1:-8:-1]print(name_4)#颠倒字符串name_5=name[-1::-1]print(name_5)name="TracyMcGrady"print(name.capitalize())          #*只首字母大写print(name.upper())               #全部大写print(name.lower())               #全部小写print(name.swapcase())            #*大小写翻转print(name.title())               #首字母大写,非字母隔开的每个单词首字母大写print(name.center(30,"*"))        #居中,默认填充物是空格print(name.startswith("Mc",5))    #以什么什么开头print(name.endswith("y",-1))      #以什么什么结尾name="      TracyMcGrady  "print(name.strip())               #***去重换行符号,\t\n，登录的时候会用到names="TracyMcGrady:Kobe:James"print(names.split(":"))           #***切割print("+".join(names))            #把加号插入到每个字符中间L1=["xiaojin","hujingjing","hanoeng"]print("_".join(L1))               #把列表的值转换成字符串name="TracyMcGrady"print(name.replace("TracyMcGrady","James"))  #***替换#公共方法:s="nikending不知道zheyouduochang"print(len(s))                     #多长print(s.count("n"))               #出现几次#格式化输出formatres="My name is {0},I am born in {1},I like {2},My name is {0}".format("xiaojin",1995,"Basketball")print(res)'''1,验证码不区分大小2,登录的去除空格'''#输入验证码,不会区别大写小code="AbCd"your_code=input("your code >>:")auth=your_code.upper()code=code.upper()if auth == code:    print("ok")#登录去除收尾空格,制表符号name=input("user>>:").strip()print(name)

1.2 列表list的处理

'''列表：1,能储存大量的数据2,切片3,列表增删改查'''#增加info=["a","c","d"]info.append("e")           #在后面增加print(info)info.insert(1,"b")         #插入到1号索引位置print(info)info.extend(["f","g","h"]) #把迭代器的每个迭代对象逐个添加到列表里面print(info)#删除print(info.pop(-1))        #按索引删除print(info.remove("g"))    #按元素删除#info.clear()              #清空列表,但在内存中,只是数据没有#del info                  #从内存删除,能切片删除print(info)del info[-3:]print(info)#更改info[1]="a"                #按元素去改print(info)info[:3]=["q","w","e"]     #按区域更改print(len(info))           #查找列表有几个元素L1=[9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,3,4] #sort从小到大L1.sort()print(L1)L1.sort(reverse=True)      #颠倒print(L1)L1=[3,5,1,2,3,6]L1.reverse()               #直接颠倒不排序,相当于L2=L1[::-1]print(L1)#***列表的嵌套L1=[1,2,"TracyMcGrady",[4,5,"kobe","肖进",77],"GoodBye"]#将TracyMcGrady全部变成大写#给[4,5,"肖进"]追加一个"胡婧婧"#把kobe大写#把77变成777L1[2]=L1[2].upper()print(L1)L1[3].append("胡婧婧")print(L1)L1[3][2].title()print(L1)#L1[3][4]=str(L1[3][4])+"7"#L1[3][4]=int(L1[3][4])+700'''漂亮的人的工资涨500丑的人从的重列表中删除'''students=[    {"name":"肖进","age":23,"salary":5000,"is_pretty":True},    {"name":"胡婧婧","age":23,"salary":7000,"is_pretty":True},    {"name":"韩鹏","age":23,"salary":2000,"is_pretty":False},]count=-1for student in students:    count=count+1    if student.get("is_pretty"):        student["salary"]=student.get("salary")+500    else:        del students[count]print(students)

1.3  字典的数据处理

info={"name":"肖进","age":21,"is_cool":True}#增改info["high"]=180info["name"]="韩鹏"info["is_cool"]=Falseinfo.setdefault("home","8511")         #默认,如果有,则覆盖print(info)#删除 info.pop("age")                        #删除某个keyprint(info.pop("{0}","没有此key{0}".format("age1")))   #防止报错# print(info)# info.clear()                         #清空字典# del info["name"]                     #删除字典的某个key-value# print(info)#查询print(info.get("name","没有此key"))print(info.get("name1","没有此key"))for key in info.keys():    print(key)for value in info.values():    print(value)for key,item in info.items():    print(key,item)# fromkeys,多个key对应一个valuedic=dict.fromkeys("abc",[])dic.get("a").append("cool")print(dic)#字典的覆盖info1={"name":"xiaojin","age":23,"is_cool":True}info2={"name":"hanpeng","sex":"man"}#把字典1覆盖到字典2info2.update(info1)print(info1)print(info2)info={"name":"肖进",      "age":"23",      "home":"黑龙江",      "company":{          "name":"指掌易",          "salary":5000,          "work_time":"4个月",          "beautiful":True,    }}is_beautiful=info["company"]["beautiful"]if is_beautiful:    pay_rise=info["company"]["salary"]    info["company"]["salary"]=pay_rise+500    print(info)'''None，0，空（空字符串，空列表，空字典等）三种情况下布尔值为False'''name_info={    "name_list":["Iverson","James","Kobe","TracyMcGrady"],    "TracyMcGrady":{        "age":36,        "born":1974,        "profession":"basketball",        "home":"usa",    }}#1,["Iverson","James","Kobe","TracyMcGrady"]追加一个元素，'Arlen'#2，将Kobe全部变成大写。#3, 将basketball首字母大写。#3，将usa改成美国。name_info.get("name_list",None).append("Arlen")print(name_info)name_info.get("name_list",None)[2]=name_info.get("name_list",None)[2].upper()print(name_info)name_info.get("TracyMcGrady")["profession"]=name_info.get("TracyMcGrady")["profession"].capitalize()print(name_info)name_info.get("TracyMcGrady")["home"]="美国"print(name_info)

1.4  集合的处理

#集合'''无序关系测试，交集，并集，子集，差集去重(列表的去重)'''# set1={1,"alex",False,(1,2,3)}# L1=[1,1,2,3,4,4,4,5,6,7]# L2=set(L1)# print(L2)#交集set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}print(set1&set2)#并集print(set1|set2)#差集#set1独有的print(set1-set2)#反交集print(set1^set2)

1.5  防错指南

'''for 循环当中不要轻易去删除列表,字典中的值因为删除会破坏索引,或者对应的key,使循环不完整，容易出错'''#列表删除值的方法name_lists=["TracyMcGrady","Kobe","James","Iverson","Carter"]#删除基数的索引# 方法一:del name_lists[1::2]print(name_lists)#方法二:颠倒列表索引for i in range(len(name_lists)-1,-1,-1):    if i % 2 == 1:        del name_lists[i]print(name_lists)#删除字典里面带c并且不区分大小写name_dict={    "TracyMcGrady":"火箭",    "Kobe":"湖人",    "James":"骑士",    "Carter":"小牛",    "Iverson":"费城76人",}list_name=[]for name in name_dict:    name1=name.upper()    if "C" in name1:        list_name.append(name)for l in list_name:    name_dict.pop(l,None)print(name_dict)

1.6  深浅copy

#浅拷贝copy：#对于浅copy来说,第一层创建的是新的内存地址,而从第二层开始,指向的都是同一个内存地址,#所以,对于第二层以及更深的层数来说,保持一致性。L1=[1,2,[1,2]]L2=L1.copy()L1[2].append(3)print(id(L1),L1)print(id(L2),L2)L1.append(4)#深拷贝deepcopyimport copyL1=[1,2,[1,2]]L2=copy.deepcopy(L1)L1[2].append(3)print(id(L1),L1)print(id(L2),L2)